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ritaxis: (Default)
Thursday, January 24th, 2008 09:33 pm
So today was one of those days that the Sentinel decides to run the to-date rain figures -- dog only knows where they find them stashed, because I can't find them.

24 hours ending 5 p.m. Wednesday: .18 in (.46 cm)
Month to date 7.75 in (19.7 cm)
"normal" month to date 4.65 in (11.8 cm)
Season to date 13.42 in (34.1 cm)
"normal" season to date 15.05 in (38.2 cm)
last season to date 7.87 in (19.99 cm)

Notice we've gotten more than half the rain in the last three weeks (two weeks, really).

On another front: I'm reading Cadillac Desert. It's appalling. But more than that, I'm realizing that the landscape that I've grown up with -- even in the lush strip of the central coast (including both Monterey Bay and San Francisco Bay in central California, which geologists do: though I gather that SLO people barely include Santa Cruz in their conception of the Central Coast and probably would seriously balk at anything north of Half Moon Bay) -- is even more artificial than I realized, more contingent, and that in the alternate history I've been noodling about in the back of my mind, none of it would exist as I have experienced it.

I've been thinking that if the Constitutional Convention had not made the odious compromise with the slave owners, the entire history of the United States, and therefore the world, would have been different. I believe that slave economy drove westward expansion more than any other thing, once the technological advances came along that made plantation agriculture profitable. I also believe that, had the United States split at the Constitutional Convention, plantation agriculture would never have become very profitable, because Northern industrial wealth subsidized the South to a great degree. I say "I believe" because these are speculations -- "if it had not been for this, that would not have happened" is a pretty shaky thing to say even if you know much more than I do.

So,holding to my line of thinking, if the "compromise" (actually, capitulation to the slave owners) had not taken place at the Convention, one of two groups of possibilities emerge, one coalescing around versions of the states splitting, and another coalescing around versions of the federation of states holding together. In the first group of possibilities, you can either have two countries emerging or you can have some other number. The young doctor made a case for there being a northern federation and a bunch of disunified southern states. It's a possibility I'm willing to entertain.

In any case, I'm thinking that a great deal -- but not by any measure all -- of the pressure for westward expansion is removed when you don't have the boom in plantation agriculture, which you don't have, in my thinking, if you don't have the capitulation at the Convention and subsequent subsidizing of the South by the North. And with the pressure for westward expansion lessened, and no Missouri Compromise and no rush to claim this part for slave states and this part for free states -- among other things -- the map might look very different.

Because the way the western states are carved out of the continent is really strange. It's a bunch of straight lines interrupted by rivers. It's the product of hasty negotiations at the Congressional level, rather than the natural growth of communities, economic networks, transportation hubs, etc. etc. Marc Reisner drops in a side remark somewhere in Cadillac Desert that it would make more sense to define the states in terms of watersheds. Which is roughly what Brazil is: mostly, anyway, it's the Amazon basin.

So that's one thing.

Another thing: the Louisiana Purchase: the Texas crap -- all of it, including the part where slave owners moved there and promised to be loyal to Mexico, then seceded and said they wanted to be their own country, and then joined the US as a slave state: the Mexican War, California: Lewis and Clark: Mason and Dixon: all these things and more happen after my splitting point. There's no reason for any of it to go down the way it did in the real world. There's no reason for "Rain follows the Plow" and "Go West, Young Man," and Sutter's Mill and Mulholland. No reason for my life to exist at all, by the time we get this far down.

So I have an open canvas. I'm thinking there are heavy technological and economical implications, and that development in general would take a very different course.

Mostly, I think, slower. Yeah, even technology. Mostly because I'm thinking my world has less surplus value extraction going on, and therefore less capital to spend and also less pressure for it.

I'm not saying this part is a good thing. Nor am I saying that the string of early wars I think would have taken place after the Convention would be a good thing. Just -- a thing. History is a terrible thing: why should it be not terrible, if one terrible thing is removed? Maybe, on the whole, it migh9t be less terrible, but I don't think I can guarantee that.

On the other hand, because it is my alternate history, I get to choose the alternatives I wish to explore, and I'm damned well not going to explore the ones that "prove" that it would have been a bad thing overall if the anti-slavery elements of the Constitutional Convention had stuck to their principles. I don't think I'm out to prove anything, anyway, unkess it's that it's possible to write a US alternate history story which is not all about the South winning the Civil War. I'm interested in playing in a universe with certain parameters.

I'm a million miles from being able to write anything. No, not because there's a lot of research I have to do, which there is. But because I don't have a story. And that's pretty critical, don't you think? I figure that the story will come to me someday, the way stories always come to me, with a conversation between characters who have emerged from this universe of mine. And at that point, I will become more aggressive about completing the research. Because I'll have more specific questions to answer.
ritaxis: (Default)
Wednesday, April 26th, 2006 09:38 am
Naturally, I found this when I was looking for material for the John Brown story.

As it turns out, South Carolina is, as the nice fellow told me, very key: more key, maybe, than Virginia. I had thought Virginia was the key of all keys because John Brown and Frederick Douglass seemed to thinks so when they were discussing Brown's strategy.

But -- the nice fellow said Charleston was the birthplace and hotbed of secession from way back. So I thought I'd pay attention to Charleston when I get deeper into research.

This is what I discovered, though: there was in fact a suggestion to arm slaves to fight against the British, and it came from South Carolina: a man named John Laurens. The suggestion was rejected on the grounds that the slaves would obviously join up with the Tories if they had the slightest chance. Why is that? Is that connected with the fact that many Tories ended up going to Canada, and the fact that Canada had no slavery?

edited to add:
Now I find the name of Henry Laurens, a wealthy slave trader of the low country. Also a major figure of the Revolution -- President of the Second Continental Congress, captured at sea and held in the Tower of London, exchanged for Cornwallis after Yorktown. Negotiated the treaty for the peace with Bruce Oswald, his British partner in the slave trade. It turns out he's the father of John Laurens. John died in 1782, having been Washington's right hand man, and Henry lived to 1795, having left the slave trade but not having freed his slaves.

This is what John Laurens said:

I think we Americans at least in the Southern Colonies, cannot contend with
a good Grace, for Liberty, until we shall have enfranchised our Slaves. How
can we whose Jealousy has been alarm'd more at the Name of Oppression
sometimes than at the Reality, reconcile to our spirited Assertions of the
Rights of Mankind, the galling abject Slavery of our negroes. . . . If as some
pretend, but I am persuaded more thro' interest, than from Conviction, the
Culture of the Ground with us cannot be carried on without African Slaves,
Let us fly it as a hateful Country, and say ubi Libertas ibi Patria [where Liberty
is there is my Country].


So, what's the deal between Henry and John? I must find out. Later. I have a story to write.

-- end edit

Another suggestion that came out of South Carolina: General Thomas Sumter (the Gamecock) offered to pay soldiers in slaves because the Continental Army was low on cash. And this suggestion was carried out, by Sumter and at least one other general.

My childhood hero, the Swamp Fox, Francis Marion, demurred on the grounds that he couldn't be sure he could carry out the promise. What does this mean? Does it mean he disapproved of using human beings for money, or does it mean that his operational style did not guarantee the ability to transport slaves?

"Sumter's Law" is that you can take anything you want from enemy households, and it's not stealing.

I think, preliminarily, that Sumter was a rapacious criminal, but I have to read a full biography of him before I can commit to that idea. What else I know about him is that he lived to the 1830's and was a staunch supporter of State's Rights and the doctrine of nullification -- if a state doesn't like a federal law, they can nullify it and declare it not to apply in that state. And he was very rich and influential, and he founded Statesburg, meaning for it to be the capital of the state, which it almost was.

I will also have to read biographies of Francis Marion, John Laurens, Benjamin Franklin, and dog knows who else.

Who else should I read about?

on another front, my yard has not exactly dried out but it's no longer actually slimy. And freesias and Louisiana irises and Douglas irises are blooming.
ritaxis: (Default)
Monday, April 24th, 2006 12:12 pm
What-if the Constitutional Convention had not written slavery in?

Posit:

1. The Continental Army offers freedom to slaves who fight in the RevolutionaryWar. There's at least one magnificent battle in which freedmen take great casualties and rout the Redcoats, perhaps defending a beloved city. Maybe another dramatic story involving mothers and babies or grandmothers.

2. After the war there is therefore strong sentiment for keeping the promise. In this timeline, the Articles of Confederation largely fall apart over this issue, as you can't have "full faith and credit" with the states having such a deep disagreement about this.

3. I picture someone talking to Washington -- "I know you're going to free them in your will anyway, why wait? They'll still be profitable to you as tenants." And Jefferson -- "You've said that living in proximity to slaves degrades a man's morality -- so eliminate the problem." Possibly, the first time he hears it, Jefferson thinks that the speaker is proposing to liquidate the slaves instead of freeing them, and his horror at the imagined suggestion helps him come to terms with the slaves' humanity -- which was a cognitive problem for Jefferson, from what I know of him.

I guess I have to read good modern biographies of these guys and more of their writing.

The key to Franklin's influence during the Constitutional Convention, David K points out, is him not being estranged from his son -- that's a whole thing I know nothing about. The son was apparently a Tory. I need to read about this and find out why he was a Tory -- there were lots of reasons, some of them excellent. I bet there's something in there that will give me what I need. Anyway, with his son on his side, Franklin's age and frailty would be less of a barrier, as he would have someone with his name to echo him and bolster him.

What I see happening -- I mean what I want to build a case for the dramatic correctness of in this story -- is an immediate ban on blackbirding, with a staged and stepped end to slavery by the end of the century. Then what I have to decide on is what happens after the Convention. Here are some possibilities:

1. The Convention dissolves, and so does the nation. There's a new convention resulting in "These United States" including most of the Northern states and a couple of Southern states. The other states either become Balkanized, or they form a looser confederacy. War ensues, piecemeal, medium low-level. The shore-to-shore US doesn't happen, or happens much later on very different terms.

2. The Convention finishes with an anti-slavery compromise like I described above. War ensues, much more piecemeal, and:

2a. the slaves states secede as in the real timeline but earlier and with an altered shape, etc.

2b. pro-slavery rebellions are put down.

2c. pro-slavery forces are moderately successful, but don't secede, and

2c' pull off a coup, possibly monarchist, and reinstate legal slavery
2c'' negotiate a truce involving promises to a longer schedule of ending slavery, which they either keep to or don't

3. The Convention concludes and the slave states officially accept the end of slavery, and rebellion is small, localized, and variously ignored (so that people remain in bondage in some places) or put down.

In any case, without the rush on the part of slavehnolders to increase their influence in the government by gaining more slave states, a significant amount of the pressure to expand is lifted, which gains Native American nations time to absorb technology, fight their own wars of expansion, make alliances, and set up rival modern states. Mustn't forget that Eastern, Southeastern, and Southwestern "tribes" were actually fully developed nations with all the social institutions and history and sophistication that implies. Well, so were some of the Plains and Northwestern peoples. Actually, I think the only Native Americans living in what we usually imagine as "tribal" states were some guys in California, the Sonora Desert, and some of the Arctic folks. Which doesn't make them not nations, especially if the continent is allowed the breathing space to go through the nation-building process Europe was going through.

I think it may be a very long time, in this timeline, before you get a united continent, and then it's not three large nations but more of a European Community model.

Obviously I need to read a whole lot more history before I write this.